Istanbul, the crossroads of East and West, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, and one of its most iconic symbols is the Turkish carpet. These beautifully handcrafted carpets and rugs, known for their intricate designs, vivid colors, and exceptional quality, have been a part of Turkish culture for centuries.
Whether you’re a collector or simply seeking a unique souvenir from your trip to Istanbul, this guide will help you navigate the world of Turkish carpets in Istanbul, including where to buy them, how to identify quality, and what to expect in terms of pricing.
A Brief History of Turkish Carpets
Turkish carpets have a history that dates back to the 13th century, with influences from the Seljuk, Ottoman, and Persian empires. Originally used for practical purposes—such as covering floors in homes or mosques—carpets quickly evolved into intricate works of art. They became symbols of status and wealth, often passed down through generations.
The art of carpet weaving is deeply ingrained in Turkish culture, particularly in regions like Konya, Hereke, and Bergama, where many of the finest carpets are made. These regions are known for specific weaving techniques and motifs, often reflecting local traditions and beliefs.
Types of Turkish Carpets
Turkish carpets can generally be divided into two main categories: kilims and rugs.
- Kilims: These are flat-woven carpets with no pile. They are often lighter and less expensive than traditional rugs but are just as intricate in design. Kilims feature bold geometric patterns and are typically made using natural dyes.
- Rugs (Halıs): These are thicker, pile-woven carpets, often created with hand-knotted techniques. The most famous Turkish rugs come from regions like Hereke and Kayseri and feature floral and symmetrical patterns with a luxurious texture.
Famous Regions for Turkish Carpets
Each region of Turkey is known for producing distinct styles of carpets, each with its own unique characteristics:
- Hereke: Known for producing the finest silk carpets, Hereke rugs are famous for their exceptional craftsmanship and intricate designs. These carpets often feature patterns inspired by the Ottoman Empire, including floral motifs and medallions.
- Konya: Konya carpets are known for their geometric patterns and deep, rich colors. They often feature large, bold designs and are woven using natural wool and dyes.
- Kayseri: Kayseri is famous for producing both silk and wool carpets. Kayseri rugs are known for their delicate patterns and pastel colors, often depicting floral motifs.
- Bergama: Carpets from Bergama are known for their bold geometric designs and deep red, blue, and green hues. These carpets are typically thicker and more durable, making them ideal for home use.
Where to Buy Turkish Carpets in Istanbul
Istanbul is a treasure trove of Turkish carpets, with a wide range of shops, bazaars, and galleries offering beautiful handmade pieces. Here are some of the best places to explore:
The Grand Bazaar (Kapalıçarşı)
No visit to Istanbul would be complete without a trip to the Grand Bazaar, one of the oldest and largest covered markets in the world. The bazaar is home to numerous carpet dealers, offering everything from antique rugs to modern pieces. While the Grand Bazaar is a great place to find carpets, it’s important to shop carefully and take the time to compare prices and quality.
When shopping at the Grand Bazaar, don’t be afraid to negotiate—haggling is part of the culture, and most sellers expect it. Make sure to inspect the carpets closely, ask about their origin, and inquire whether they come with a certificate of authenticity.
The Spice Bazaar (Mısır Çarşısı)
Although smaller than the Grand Bazaar, the Spice Bazaar is another excellent spot to find Turkish carpets. Located in the Eminönü district, this market is best known for spices, but you’ll also find a selection of carpet shops. The smaller size of the bazaar makes it less overwhelming than the Grand Bazaar, and you may find more affordable options here.
Sultanahmet Area
The Sultanahmet area, home to iconic landmarks like the Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque, is also a hub for carpet shops. Many galleries and shops in this area specialize in antique carpets and high-quality kilims. You’ll often find store owners eager to share the history and craftsmanship behind each piece, making it a great place to learn about Turkish carpets while shopping.
Arasta Bazaar
Located behind the Blue Mosque, the Arasta Bazaar is a quieter, less crowded alternative to the Grand Bazaar. This smaller market offers a range of Turkish carpets and kilims, often at more reasonable prices. Many of the shops here specialize in tribal rugs and kilims, making it a good spot for those looking for something unique.
Nişantaşı Boutiques
For those looking for modern interpretations of traditional Turkish carpets, the upscale neighborhood of Nişantaşı is home to several carpet boutiques. Here, you’ll find contemporary designs inspired by traditional motifs, perfect for those who want to blend old and new styles.
How to Identify a High-Quality Turkish Carpet
When buying a Turkish carpet, it’s important to know how to distinguish a high-quality piece from mass-produced items. Here are some tips to help you identify an authentic, high-quality Turkish carpet:
- Hand-Knotted vs. Machine-Made: The best Turkish carpets are hand-knotted, meaning each knot is tied by hand. Machine-made carpets are generally less expensive but lack the intricate craftsmanship of hand-knotted pieces. To check if a carpet is hand-knotted, flip it over and inspect the back—the knots should be visible, and the pattern should be just as clear on the back as it is on the front.
- Materials: Quality Turkish carpets are made from natural materials like wool, silk, or cotton. Wool is the most common material, but silk carpets are considered the most luxurious and are often more expensive. Avoid carpets made from synthetic materials, as they are generally lower in quality.
- Density: The knot density of a carpet is a key indicator of its quality. Higher knot density means the carpet will be more durable and have a finer, more intricate design. A good-quality Turkish carpet will have at least 100 knots per square inch, with the finest Hereke silk carpets boasting up to 400 knots per square inch.
- Natural Dyes: Traditional Turkish carpets are dyed using natural materials like plants, roots, and insects. Natural dyes tend to age gracefully, developing a patina over time. Synthetic dyes, on the other hand, may fade or discolor unevenly. Ask the seller whether the carpet was dyed using natural or synthetic dyes.
- Certificate of Authenticity: Many high-quality Turkish carpets come with a certificate of authenticity, which includes information about the carpet’s origin, materials, and knot density. Always ask for this certificate when purchasing a carpet, especially if it’s a high-value item.
Pricing of Turkish Carpets
The price of Turkish carpets in Istanbul can vary widely depending on the size, material, age, and craftsmanship. Here’s a rough guide to what you can expect:
- Small Kilims: $100 – $500
- Medium-Sized Wool Rugs: $500 – $2,000
- Large Wool Rugs: $2,000 – $10,000
- Silk Carpets: $5,000 – $50,000+
Antique carpets and pieces from renowned regions like Hereke or Kayseri will be on the higher end of the price spectrum.
How to Care for Your Turkish Carpet
Once you’ve purchased a Turkish carpet, proper care is essential to ensure it lasts for generations. Here are some tips for maintaining your carpet:
- Regular Cleaning: Vacuum your carpet regularly to remove dirt and dust. For kilims, use a soft brush to gently sweep away debris.
- Avoid Direct Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can cause the colors to fade. Place your carpet in an area where it won’t be exposed to harsh sunlight, or use curtains to protect it.
- Professional Cleaning: Every few years, have your carpet professionally cleaned by a specialist who is experienced in handling handmade rugs.